date:2019-07-02
Fresh royal jelly with sour taste. Slightly sweet, partially dissolved in water and ethanol, easily deteriorated when exposed to light, heat, air or room temperature, producing strong odor. Fresh royal jelly is sensitive to light and heat at normal temperature, while thermal energy reduces pharmacological action and biological vitality, reduces nutritional value, and is prone to deterioration. It is not easy to store at room temperature, causing inconvenience to transportation and storage. The royal jelly lyophilized powder is freeze-dried and the royal jelly is vacuum-dried. The royal jelly processed into lyophilized powder can be stored at room temperature for a long time in a container sealed from light, so that it is much more convenient to eat.
The freeze-drying of royal jelly is to freeze the fresh royal jelly into a solid state, and then placed in a vacuum environment, so that the water is directly removed from the solid state into a gaseous state, and the processing process is about 2% water content. The finished product of royal jelly after lyophilization is called royal jelly lyophilized powder. It can perfectly maintain the active ingredients and unique aroma of fresh royal jelly, and it has stable activity and can be stored at room temperature.
1、Principle of freeze drying
Freezing sublimation drying is actually a dehydration process. The processed raw material is first frozen, and then the moisture is removed in an evaporated form under vacuum.
Theoretically, three different states of liquid, solid, and gaseous are determined by pressure and temperature. According to the principle of pressure reduction and boiling point drop, when the medical power drops to 610 Pa and the temperature is 0.0098 C, ice, water and gas can exist at the same time, that is, the three-phase equilibrium point. When the pressure is below 610 Pa, the liquid liquid cannot exist regardless of the temperature change. At this time, the ice is heated, and the ice can only be sublimated directly into water vapor.
According to this principle, the royal jelly containing a large amount of moisture and having a heat sensitive property can be subjected to freeze-sublimation drying to obtain a dry powder.
2、Frozen sublimation drying characteristics
1 Due to the operation at low temperature, the material can better retain its natural quality and various nutrients. 2 Since it is operated under vacuum, the material is not easily oxidized, and the growth of microorganisms and the action of oxidase are also suppressed. 3 The original material, shape, structure and structure of the material are unchanged, maintaining the characteristics of the original material, avoiding the solute concentration and making the product deteriorate. 4 due to ice crystals
The sublimation of the body causes the porous structure of the material to be easily dissolved after adding water. Therefore, the rehydration is fast and convenient to eat. 5 can exclude 95% to 99% of the water with an E. The product can be stored for a long time without deterioration.
3、Structure and function of cold picker dryer
According to the principle of freeze drying, the freeze dryer must have a refrigeration system, a vacuum system, a heating system and an electrical instrument control system (Fig. 3-1). Its main components are drying ovens, condensers, refrigeration units, vacuum pumps and heating devices.
The lyophilization of the product is carried out in a dry box. The separator in the drying box is made of cast aluminum plate, and two rows of cold pipes and heat pipes are poured therein for cooling and heating the products, respectively.
The condenser is internally provided with a spiral cold air coil, generally in six groups. The working temperature is lower than the temperature of the product in the drying oven, and the minimum temperature is up to 60 C.
4、The main points of the process of freezing and exploding royal jelly
(1)Filtration An equal amount of distilled water was added to the royal jelly, stirred well, and then filtered through a 100 mesh nylon gauze to remove impurities therein. The filtered royal jelly is placed in a tray of a vacuum freeze dryer, and the royal jelly has a thickness of 8 to 10 mm or is placed in an ampoule. Do not seal it and put it in the freeze-drying room.
(2)Vacuum low-temperature drying starts the vacuum freeze dryer, reduces the temperature of the vacuum drying chamber to 40 C, freezes the royal jelly quickly, and then controls the vacuum to about 133 kPa, keeping the temperature of the queen slurry at around 25 C. The temperature is controlled at ~50 C, which creates a large vapor pressure difference and promotes water vapor discharge. At the same time, the components of the freeze-drying chamber are heated and transferred to the tray to promote moisture sublimation. After the vacuum is low for about 12 hours, the water in the royal jelly has been reduced to about 10%. At this time, the purpose of drying has been initially achieved, but it cannot be stored for a long time and must be dried. At this time, the temperature of the drying chamber can be increased to 30 ° C, the maximum is not more than 40 ° C, lasting 4 to 5 hours, allowing the water to evaporate quickly, so that the moisture content of the royal jelly is reduced to about 2%, that is, the drying process is completed.
(3)The pulverization of the royal jelly which is directly added to the drying chamber for lyophilization without adding water usually takes only 12 hours to complete the drying process. However, after dehydration, the texture is hard and forms a block, which needs to be pulverized and sieved to make it easy to use. Sometimes, some medical starch is added to the royal jelly and then freeze-dried. This product is often in the form of a knot, which cannot be recovered by adding water. After being crushed and sieved, it can be used as a raw material for processing royal jelly capsules and tablets.
(4)Package preservation Royal jelly lyophilized powder has strong hygroscopicity, and the sealing must be carried out in a room with a relative humidity of less than 60%. Therefore, the workshop that performs this operation should be equipped with an air conditioner and a dehumidifier. Both the dispensing seal and the ampoule seal need to be carried out quickly, preferably with a vacuum seal or a nitrogen filled seal.
